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tutorials:diskless_debian_network_boot
Diskless Debian, network boot
References: http://blog.tremily.us/posts/Abax/nfs_root/
- Install pxe and the tftp server:
sudo apt-get install syslinux tftpd-hpa isc-dhcp-server nfs-kernel-server unionfs-fuse
- Configure the dhcp server. Edit file /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf and edit the following lines:
option domain-name "example.loc"; option domain-name-servers dns1ip, dns2ip;
- And add the following lines …
subnet 192.168.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.2.100 192.168.2.200;
option routers 192.168.2.1;
option broadcast-address 192.168.2.255;
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
}
host diskless_client {
hardware ethernet mac-address;
fixed-address 192.168.2.10;
filename "pxelinux.0";
next-server 192.168.2.1;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
option broadcast-address 192.168.2.255;
option routers 192.168.2.1;
}
- Restart dhcp server:
sudo /etc/init.d/isc-dhcp-server restart
- Configure the tftp files for network boot:
sudo cp /usr/lib/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /srv/tftp/ sudo mkdir pxelinux.cfg cd /srv/tftp/pxelinux.cfg/ * Create and edit a file called diskless_client and put the following inside:
PROMPT 1
DEFAULT diskless_client
TIMEOUT 10
LABEL diskless_client
#skipping one of the dhcp steps: ip=<ip>:<server-ip>:<gateway-ip>:<netmask>::eth0:
# It is possible to use ip=:::arcoslab02:amy:eth6:dhcpi but it may be slow.
# Also, eth6 must be the card that receives DHCP answers, even when
# the trunking to the outside is not set up yet.
# It is not possible to put a name in nfsroot.
kernel diskless_client/vmlinuz-3.2.0-3-amd64
append boot=nfs root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=192.168.17.1:/ ip=dhcp initrd=diskless_client/initrd.img-3.2.0-3-amd64 rw rootdelay=10 vga=extended init=/etc/init.d/init_diskless_client --
#break=mount
- Make a link to default
sudo ln -s diskless_client default
- Copy the kernel and initrd images to the tftp directory:
sudo mkdir /srv/tftp/diskless_client/ sudo cp /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-3-amd64 /srv/tftp/diskless_client/ sudo cp /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-3-amd64 /srv/tftp/diskless_client/
- Create a directory and some files for the system files that will be different on the diskless_client computer. This will later be mounted on the diskless_client on top of the root filesystem using unionfs.
sudo mkdir /unionfsfstab
sudo mkdir -p /unionfs/common/etc sudo mkdir -p /unionfs/common/var sudo mkdir -p /unionfs/host sudo mkdir -p /unionfs/hosts/diskless_client/etc/apache2/sites-enabled sudo mkdir -p /unionfs/hosts/diskless_client/etc/dhcp/fstab
sudo mkdir -p /unionfs/hosts/diskless_client/etc/init.d/ sudo mkdir -p /unionfs/hosts/diskless_client/etc/network sudo mkdir -p /unionfs/hosts/diskless_client/etc/rc2.d/ sudo mkdir -p /unionfs/hosts/diskless_client/etc/rc6.d/ sudo mkdir -p /unionfs/hosts/diskless_client/etc/rcS.d/ sudo mkdir -p /unionfs/hosts/diskless_client/var sudo mkdir -p /unionfs/union/etc sudo mkdir -p /unionfs/union/var sudo touch /unionfs/common/etc/README sudo touch /unionfs/common/var/README sudo touch /unionfs/host/README sudo touch /unionfs/hosts/diskless_client/etc/README sudo touch /unionfs/union/etc/README sudo touch /unionfs/union/var/README sudo touch /unionfs/hosts/diskless_client/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default sudo touch /unionfs/hosts/diskless_client/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/default-ssl sudo touch /unionfs/hosts/diskless_client/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/dokuwiki sudo touch /unionfs/hosts/diskless_client/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/homes sudo touch /unionfs/hosts/diskless_client/etc/exports sudo touch /unionfs/hosts/diskless_client/etc/init.d/apache2 sudo touch /unionfs/hosts/diskless_client/etc/init.d/isc-dhcp-server sudo touch /unionfs/hosts/diskless_client/etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server sudo touch /unionfs/hosts/diskless_client/etc/init.d/tftp-hpa sudo touch /unionfs/hosts/diskless_client/etc/rc6.d/K03sendsigs
- Also edit some of the following files with:
/unionfs/hosts/diskless_client/etc/fstab
192.168.2.1:/root /root nfs rw,nfsvers=3,hard,intr,bg,timeo=600,nolock,rsize=32768,wsize=32768,noatime 0 0 192.168.2.1:/home /home nfs rw,nfsvers=3,hard,intr,bg,timeo=600,nolock,rsize=32768,wsize=32768,noatime 0 0 tmpfs /tmp tmpfs defaults 0 0 /unionfs/union/etc /etc none ro,bind 0 0
/unionfs/hosts/diskless_client/etc/hostname
arcoslab02
/unionfs/hosts/diskless_client/etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost 127.0.1.1 example2.com example2
/unionfs/hosts/diskless_client/etc/network/interfaces
auto lo iface lo inet loopback
/unionfs/hosts/diskless_client/etc/syslog.conf
#send everything to diskless_server *.*;local4.!* /var/log/messages *.*;local4.!* @diskless_server_ip local4.* /var/log/ipmi
- Export root file system as read-only (to avoid damage by the other computer) and others as read-write using nfs:
#diskless_client / 192.168.2.23(ro,insecure,async,no_subtree_check,no_root_squash,insecure_locks) /root 192.168.2.23(rw,insecure,async,no_subtree_check,no_root_squash,insecure_locks) /home 192.168.2.23(rw,insecure,async,no_subtree_check,no_root_squash,insecure_locks) /unionfs 192.168.2.23(rw,insecure,async,no_subtree_check,no_root_squash,insecure_locks)
- In the server computer create a file called /etc/init_diskless_client with :
#!/bin/sh -x
NFS_SERV="192.168.2.1"
NFS_OPT="-otcp,nfsvers=3,hard,intr,bg,timeo=600,nolock,rsize=32768,wsize=32768"
FUSE_OPT="-o default_permissions -o allow_other -o use_ino -o nonempty -o suid"
UNION_OPT="-o cow -o noinitgroups"
UPATH="/unionfs"
UBIN="/usr/bin/unionfs-fuse"
ulimit -n 16384
#This tmpfs is needed, because mount and others need a temporary place to write
#consider changing this to a permanent place over NFS? Could fill RAM
mount -n -t tmpfs tmpfs /tmp
ifconfig lo 127.0.0.1
#specific directory
mount -n -t nfs $NFS_OPT ${NFS_SERV}:${UPATH}/hosts/diskless_client ${UPATH}/host
#function to combine a directory from the read-only root directory (/),
#with a specific unionfs for this host that is writable
unionmount()
{
dir=$1
mkdir -p ${UPATH}/host/$dir #if not existant, create dir
mount -n --bind /$dir $UPATH/common/$dir #mount the original read-only dir to common
host="${UPATH}/host/${dir}=RW"
common="$UPATH/common/${dir}=RO"
#combine the two directories into a unionfs
$UBIN $FUSE_OPT $UNION_OPT ${host}:${common} $UPATH/union/$dir
#replace the mount in /$dir with the newly created combination
mount -n --bind $UPATH/union/$dir /$dir
}
#same as the previous function, just make the directory read-only at the end
unionmount_ro()
{
dir=$1
unionmount $dir
mount -n -o remount,ro /$dir
}
#which directories will get the overlay of the unionfs:
unionmount etc
cat /proc/mounts > /etc/mtab
mount -n -o remount,ro $UPATH/union/etc
mount -n -o remount,ro /etc
#sleep 4
unionmount var
mount -t nfs -a
#/etc/init.d/chrony start
/etc/init.d/ssh start
#exec /bin/bash
exec /sbin/init
- Change permissions of this file to executable:
sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/diskless_client
~~DISCUSSION~~
tutorials/diskless_debian_network_boot.txt · Last modified: 2022/09/20 00:08 (external edit)