====== Debian Unstable inside a Chroot (LEGACY!)======

==== Before you start! ====

**__WARNING:__ We do not recommend following this tutorial.** This tutorial exists for historical purposes. What you probably want is to use a [[https://www.docker.com/resources/what-container| Container]] instead of creating a chroot. 

==== The tutorial ====

  * Install the base system

  sudo apt-get install dchroot debootstrap
  sudo su
  mkdir -p /var/sid-amd64-chroot
  debootstrap --arch amd64 sid /var/sid-amd64-chroot http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/
  exit

  * Create a script for mounting, entering, exiting and unmounting the necessary system directories (this is instead of using the fstab file which can be dangerous when, for example, you decide to delete the chroot with the system directories still mounted. If you do rm -rf /var/sid-amd64-chroot, you may not only delete the chroot directory but the system directories as well!!): This is the script: (copy it to /usr/local/bin/sid-amd64-chroot.sh)

  #!/bin/bash
  CHROOT_DIR=/var
  CHROOT_NAME=`basename $0 .sh` 
  
  if [ ! -e /var/run/$CHROOT_NAME ]
  then
      sudo touch /var/run/$CHROOT_NAME
      sudo bash -c "echo 1 > /var/run/$CHROOT_NAME"
  else
      sudo bash -c "echo `expr 1 + \`cat /var/run/$CHROOT_NAME\`` > /var/run/$CHROOT_NAME"
  fi
  
  if [ `cat /var/run/$CHROOT_NAME` -eq 1 ]
  then
      echo "First chroot invocation. Mounting host system directories"
      sudo mkdir -p $CHROOT_DIR/$CHROOT_NAME/hostfs
      #mount -o bind /home/ $CHROOT_DIR/$CHROOT_NAME/home
      sudo mount proc -t proc $CHROOT_DIR/$CHROOT_NAME/proc
      sudo mount -o bind /dev $CHROOT_DIR/$CHROOT_NAME/dev
      sudo mount sys -t sysfs $CHROOT_DIR/$CHROOT_NAME/sys
      sudo mount none -t devpts $CHROOT_DIR/$CHROOT_NAME/dev/pts
      sudo mount -o bind / $CHROOT_DIR/$CHROOT_NAME/hostfs
      sudo mount -o bind /run/shm $CHROOT_DIR/$CHROOT_NAME/run/shm
  fi
  
  echo "Starting chroot."
  #dchroot -c $CHROOT_NAME
  sudo chroot $CHROOT_DIR/$CHROOT_NAME su - $USER
  echo "Chroot closed."
  
  if [ `cat /var/run/$CHROOT_NAME` -eq 1 ]
  then
      echo "Closing last invocation. Unmounting host system directories"
      for i in dev/pts hostfs proc dev sys run/shm
      do
	  sudo umount $CHROOT_DIR/$CHROOT_NAME/$i
          sleep 0.5
      done
  fi
  
  sudo bash -c "echo `expr \`cat /var/run/$CHROOT_NAME\` - 1` > /var/run/$CHROOT_NAME"
  
  if [ `cat /var/run/$CHROOT_NAME` -eq 0 ]
  then
      sudo rm /var/run/$CHROOT_NAME
  fi

  * Please remember to name the above script with a name exactly as the directory where the chroot is plus ".sh" at the end. The script uses this name to find the chroot and to do other things.
  * Also, don't forget to give execute permissions to this script.

  * Now configure the /etc/schroot/schroot.conf file with: (please use between the [] the exact same name of the subdirectory containing the chroot, otherwise the script will not work)

  [sid-amd64-chroot]
  description=Debian sid (unstable)
  directory=/var/sid-amd64-chroot
  users=memeruiz
  #groups=sbuild                                                                  
  root-groups=root
  aliases=unstable,default   
  preserve-environment=true

Now you are done. With:

  sid-amd64-chroot.sh

You will get your chroot running. (this will not work because you don't have your same user in chroot yet, look down)

====== Some things to do initially ======

  * Start the chroot as root user:

  sudo sid-amd64-chroot.sh

  * Add a normal user

  adduser username

  * Install some basic useful applications

  apt-get install emacs joe mc locales sudo bash-completion less python

  * Add more sources to your sources.list file:

  deb http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian/20130225T093150Z sid main contrib non-free
  deb http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian/20130225T093150Z testing main contrib non-free
  deb http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian/20130225T093150Z unstable main contrib non-free
  deb http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian/20130225T093150Z experimental main contrib non-free

  * Configure sudo: [[sudo_in_debian|Sudo in Debian]]

  * Install locales to stop getting anoying warnings.

  sudo sid-amd64-chroot.sh
  apt-get install locales
  dpkg-reconfigure locales

  * Increase bash history. Edit ~/.bashrc and change:

  HISTSIZE=1000000
  HISTFILESIZE=2000000

  * Follow configuration of [[using_xstow_for_local_installations|xstow]]

====== Some notes ======

===== Using fstab instead of the script =====

  * If you don't want to use the script above. You will need to add the following to your /etc/fstab file:

  # sid-amd64 chroot
  #/home           /var/sid-amd64-chroot/home none   bind            0       0
  none           /var/sid-amd64-chroot/proc proc   defaults        0       0
  /dev            /var/sid-amd64-chroot/dev  none   bind            0       0
  none            /var/sid-amd64-chroot/sys  sysfs   defaults            0       0
  none            /var/sid-amd64-chroot/dev/pts  devpts   defaults            0       0

  * Mount this directories:

  sudo mount -a

===== Using the same users and home directory of the host computer =====

  - Remember that this may not be what you really need...
  - If you erase something in chroot home it gets erased in the host computer also.
  - If you have different versions of the same programs in the chroot and the host computer, the local home configurations may not work properly or could get corrupted.

  * Manually copy the user entries in files /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow from host to the chroot that have 1000 UID or higher. This must be done everytime a new user is added to the host and wants to use the chroot environment.
  * If you are using the script above, add the home directory mount command in the mount and umount section. In the mount section use -o bind mount option. In the umount section simply add the directy to the list of directories to umount.
  * If you are using fstab, just uncomment the home line and rerun mount -a .

  * Install and configure sudo to allow users to install packages

===== W: Failed to change to directory  .... =====

This happens because the chroot doesn't have any users initially (unless you followed the instructions to use the users from the host computer), only root
You can fix this problem by first logging as root in the chroot and then adding a user with the same name and id of your user in the host computer.

  sudo sid-amd64-chroot.sh
  adduser --uid <user number in host computer> <username of host computer>

Then you can logging with no errors.

===== If you are using some snapshots.debian.org mirrors =====

When you do apt-get update you may get an error like this:

  E: Release file for http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian/20130225T093150Z/dists/sid/InRelease is expired (invalid since 3d 17h 44min 46s). Updates for this repository will not be applied.

You can still update the the mirror if you use this command instead:

  apt-get -o Acquire::Check-Valid-Until=false update

===== chroot and unionfs: Base installation and multiple setups =====

You can do a base installation and setup to chroot directory: /chroot/base and then unionfs mount this directory to other directories using cow (copy on write), to create specific application chroots. You may save disk space by not replicating the base system several times, and time by not having to install and configure multiple times.

  unionfs-fuse -o cow  -o default_permissions -o use_ino -o suid -o noinitgroups -o allow_other -o nonempty /chroot/base=RO:/chroot/specific_chroot.union=RW /chroot/specific_chroot


~~DISCUSSION~~